WormHoles : A Shortcut Door

By Mitansh Nayak
Wormholes, also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges, are theoretical shortcuts through space-time that could potentially create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe.
 
The term "wormhole" was coined by John Wheeler, who compared these bridges to how a worm could travel directly through an apple by eating from one side to the other, rather than traveling along the circumference.


Discovery and Theoretical Basis:

The concept of wormholes began with Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen, who mathematically discovered in 1935 that two distant points on the space-time continuum could be connected by warping reality. 

Wormholes are predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity.


How Wormholes Work:

 Wormholes act as cosmic bridges, shortening the distance between two points and allowing matter and energy to pass through. Instead of traveling the entire distance across space, a wormhole could fold space, connecting two points and allowing for a shortcut.

 Some scientists believe that black holes and white holes may hold the key to how wormholes work. It is theorized that a traveler could enter one mouth of a wormhole and emerge from the other on the far side of the galaxy, possibly through a white hole.


Challenges and Requirements:

 Wormholes bring dangers such as sudden collapse, high radiation, and contact with exotic matter. A key challenge is that wormhole mouths tend to snap shut as soon as they are created. In 1988, physicists Kip Thorne and Michael Morris proposed that wormhole mouths could be held open using ‘exotic matter,’ which has a gravitational repulsion rather than attraction. Exotic matter contains negative energy density and a large negative pressure.


Detection and Observation:

 Detecting wormholes is challenging. One method involves looking for the effects of a wormhole's gravity on light passing by it. For instance, if the mouth of a wormhole containing exotic matter passes between a distant star and Earth, its repulsive gravity should cause the star’s light to dim, then brighten as the light is focused.


Types of Wormholes:

Magnetic Wormholes: A magnetic wormhole was successfully created in 2015, in which a magnetic field entered the wormhole, disappeared, and then reappeared on the other side.

Primordial Wormholes: Stephen Hawking theorized that primordial wormholes developed from quantum foam and may still exist today, potentially allowing microscopic matter transfers.


Wormholes in Popular Culture:

 Wormholes have been popularized in science fiction, such as the movie Stargate, which depicted them as portals to different places and times.

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